The story of the Special Purpose Rifle (SPR) starts with the USSOCOM's Enhanced Carbine Program, from which the SPR was born.
In October 2000, the U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) issued a Summary of System Descriptions, and in particular, SOPMOD Block 2 and 3 Systems. The USSOCOM includes the U.S. Army Special Forces, U.S. Navy SEALs, Airborne Rangers and U.S. Air Force elements.
Officially called the Special Operations Peculiar Modification Program (SOPMOD), the program centers around what is called the Enhanced Carbine, a project that encompasses an extensive list of requirements for the main battle rifle (MBR) of the future.
These requirements are listed in what is called the SOPMOD Upgrade Block II.
The SOPMOD Upgrade Block II
Consisting of modifications and improvements to the M4A1 carbine, SOPMOD was meant to ensure enhanced reliability, accuracy, zero retention, ergonomics/man machine interface, a reduced cyclic rate and an increased service life of 15,000 rounds. A summary system description includes the following components:
– Enhanced Carbine (the basic weapon).
– Special Purpose Receiver (SPR), a .223 sniper component (now a complete rifle).
– Over The Breech Receiver (OTBR), a wet/underwater capability (a pistol caliber component).
– Close Quarter Battle Receiver (CQBR), a short–barreled version.
– Enhanced Shotgun Module (ESM) for door breaching/less than lethal applications.
– Enhanced Combat Optical Sight (ECOS), a multi–purpose illuminated–reticle sight.
– Image Intensifier Module (IIM), a night vision device (NVD) capable of being used with the ECOS.
– Thermal Image Module (TIM).
– Digital Daylight Image Video Module.
– Rangefinder Module (RM).
– Integrated Pointer–Illuminator Module (IPIM), an improved laser capable of visible and IR operation.
– Heat Source Detection Module (HSDM).
– Battery Recharger/Blasting Machine (BRBM).
– Laser Protection/Protection from Optical Augmentation (LPPOA), a hi–tech filter system.
– Muzzle Brake/Suppressor. The OPS, Inc. sound suppressor was adopted for the SPR.
– Sustained Fire Assembly (SFA), a belt–fed LMG upper for the M4 lower receiver group.
– Chamber Bore Sight (CBS).
– Enhanced Bayonet/Field Knife (EBFK), a new utility knife to attach to the barrel.
– Shot Counter (SC).
– Improved 5.56mm Ammunition.
– Enhanced Grenade Launcher Module (GLM).
– Integrated Carbine (IC), a long–range future alternative to the OICW.
– Sensor Fusion Module (SFM), a sensor fusion imaging/aiming capability.
– Improved 40mm Grenade and Other Enhanced Indirect Fire Munitions (EIFM).
In the original document, accompanying each requirement was a computer–generated drawing of the gun and/or component, some of which were quite recognizable, while others were only conceptually represented. Of particular interest was the basic weapon, which was centered on the M4A1 (M16) Carbine and one subtle, but important requirement included in the summary: This requirement was a marked reduction of mean rounds between failure/stoppage and "barrel assemblies that were more accurate, maintained accuracy longer, and rigidly mounted four–quadrant MILSTD 1913 rails to retain zero within ½ MOA objective/1 MOA threshold." Among other system requirements were ambidextrous controls, folding front and rear iron sights, and a sloping cheek–weld stock with five adjustable lengths.
A key element of the Enhanced Carbine, the above "barrel assembly" took on major importance and sparked competition between several American companies including A.R.M.S., C–More, F.N.M.I., and KAC, all of which designed and built systems that incorporated multiple M1913 rails. Consisting of a rounded metal handguard, the C–More had four fulllength rails and left the barrel free floating. F.N.M.I.'s Floating Integrated Rail Mount (FIRM) was produced in both M16 and M4 versions, and provided three M1913 rails and a mount for the M203 grenade launcher on the bottom. However, the FIRM was never mass–produced, and the two major competitors were Knight Armament Corp. (KAC), of Florida, and A.R.M.S., Inc., of Massachusetts. Coming on the scene almost immediately, KAC submitted its Rail Adapter System (RAS).
The Rail Adapter System
Replacing the M4 Carbine's handguards, the RAS consists of top and bottom halves machined from 7075–T6 aircraft alloy that attach to the barrel nut and the handguard cap at the front–sight base. Held in place by the delta ring, the RAS is also anchored by an additional locking device that is tightened against the barrel nut. The metal RAS contains fourquadrant M1913 rails on which can be mounted any number of optics and accessories. These rails can also be covered by sliding polymer handguard covers if not used to mount accessories. The top rail is more or less a continuation of the rail on the M4's upper receiver. The RAS is in wide use on M4 Carbines in the Military.
The Selective Integrated Rail System
After a decade of development, the A.R.M.S. M1913 rail assembly was first seen in prototype form in 2000. Called the Selective Integrated Rail (S.I.R.) System, this design consists of a free–floating handguard system on a totally rigid frame. The S.I.R. System mounts directly on the M1913 (socalled "Picatinny") rail on the M4A1 receiver beginning just to the rear of the barrel nut. Here it provides its own full–length rail about 4/10" higher than the receiver rail, with a spring–loaded, folding M16A2 rear sight (the A.R.M.S. #40) mounted directly behind it.
Extending forward to the front sight base, the S.I.R. also fans out and down on either side of the barrel to the centerline of the bore. Here it stops with interrupted rails on either side. Attaching to these rails is a synthetic handguard that locks firmly in place. Along these rails are mounting holes for M1913 accesssory rails, and mounting holes are also found along the bottom of the handguard.
In addition to a providing an uninterrupted top–rail mounting platform, the S.I.R. System also leaves the barrel totally free floating. While it closely surrounds the steel handguard cap, it doesn't touch it. This feature not only increases accuracy, but also greatly reduces heat buildup in the barrel, and almost totally eliminates it in the S.I.R. System. Vent holes in the S.I.R. not only prevent fingers from accidentally entering, but also increase the flow of cool air up into the system. The S.I.R. System weighs only about 4 ounces more than the parts it replaces on the M4A1.
Besides not touching the barrel itself, the S.I.R. System also makes it unnecessary for any accessories to contact the barrel. Although the standard M203 40mm grenade launcher can still be mounted on the S.I.R.–equipped M4, the M203 can be equipped with an adapter to quickly mount directly onto the S.I.R. after removing the synthetic handguard. The S.I.R. even contains a means for housing an M203 sight system. Colt produces the M203 mount for the S.I.R. System under license from A.R.M.S. In addition to having been adopted by foreign military establishments, the S.I.R. System is now being used by some special units of the U.S. Military.
The Close Quarter Battle Receiver
With the SOPMPOD Program well underway by 2001, one element of the USSOCOM, the U.S. Navy SEALs, took great interest in the number 4 component, the Close Quarter Battle Receiver (CQBR).
Amounting to a short–barreled version of the M4A1, the CQBR was tested with both 11.5–inch and 10.5–inch barrels. The 10.5–inch version was selected in mid–2001, but will not accept a sound suppressor. Both types were taken into combat in Afghanistan several months later.
The Special Purpose Rifle
Originally conceived as the Special Purpose Receiver, the SPR was a multipurpose precision assault rifle conversion for the Enhanced Carbine created by the Special Forces Group with prototype support from the U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit (USAMU) Shop. However, the designation soon became the Special Purpose Rifle when SOCOM procured a large number of surplus M16A1 rifles, the lower receiver groups from which were used to build the SPR as a complete weapon. Assembled on an ArmaLite M4A1 type flattop upper receiver, the initial SPR used a heavy 416 stainless steel Match 1–in 8" twist barrel by Douglas, Krieger, or Schneider.
Affixed to the flattop upper receiver by a special barrel nut, the barrel is machined to accept the SOPMOD folding front sight made by Precision Reflex, Inc. (PRI). At the rear of the receiver is an A.R.M.S. M16A2 folding rear sight using a torsion spring to automatically spring up into position when released. This sight returns upright even if knocked down, an airborne requirement. Two trigger systems tested by operators were the single stage match full–auto model from Accuracy Speaks, and the two–stage Match Full–auto trigger from Knight's Armament.
Mounted on the initial SPR was a PRI tubular carbon–fiber handguard. Leaving the barrel totally free floating, the handguard was reinforced by a special extended–length Swan sleeve with an A.R.M.S #38 SPR M1913 MilStd rail. Anchored to the flattop receiver, this rigid sleeve reinforced the handguard. The first SPR used the ERGO Grip by Falcon Industries. As with the basic Enhanced Carbine, the SPR used SOCOM's Ops, Inc. SOPMOD sound suppressor along with PRI's M84 charging handle. Called the "Gas Buster," the M84 provided easy access with a scope mounted and deflected gas blast away from the shooter's eyes.
In 2000, some 150 SPR's were produced with the main components being painted tan using baked–on Cal–Guard. The SPR was issued with a special M30 Leupold telescopic sight. Of 3.5– 10X36mm, this 30mm scope also had a mil–dot reticle. The SPR was issued with proprietary 5.56x45mm ammunition developed for the SF by the AMU. Loaded with 77gr. Sierra Match King bullets by Black Hills Ammunition Company, of Rapid City, South Dakota, this round was type classed as the Mk 262 Mod 0. It has made many 600+ yard hits on the enemy in the Global War On Terrorism (GWOT).
Kevin Morehead, American Hero
Just how many hits the SPR has made on our enemies is classified, but the accomplishment of one Special Forces Hero, the late Sgt. Kevin Morehead, tells some of the story. Part of a team of three snipers with 5th Group, Sgt. Morehead and his comrades became pinned down on a hill by a large force of Taliban that outnumbered them roughly fifty–to–one. Using their Ops, Inc. suppressed SPR's, the three snipers were successful in preventing the enemy from taking the hill, but when night came, the Taliban became more aggressive. What they didn't know was that the three Americans had night vision.
Having grown up in the woods of rural Arkansas, Kevin Morehead was a skilled hunter and tactician. He told the other two SF snipers that he was going to descend the hill on the Taliban's left flank. Throughout the night, as Taliban troops moved or stood up to fire up the hill, Sgt. Morehead shot them one by one. In the dark, they were unaware of where the shots were coming from, and gradually began holding their AK–47s above their heads to fire from behind the boulders that covered the slope. When they did, Kevin shot them in the left armpit with the Black Hills 77 grain Open Tip Match (OTM) Mk 262 Mod 1 5.56mm ammunition he was issued.
In the morning, after U. S. fast movers had arrived and killed or captured what remained of the enemy, Sgt. Morehead was credited with having killed scores of Taliban –– including 51 shot in their left armpits. For his actions, Sgt. Kevin Morehead was awarded the Silver Star by President Bush himself, but was later tragically killed during fighting in Iraq. Kevin Morehead was only 33, but his life story is worthy of a movie.
The Mk 12 Mod. 0 And Mod.1 SPR
As with all other new weapons in the military, the SPR became an evolutionary rifle, and in the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 attack on America, an additional quantity of some 300 of these rifles was hurriedly requested by SOCCOM. Initially called the #38 SPR PEQ– 2–2–3, this second run of SPR's used an improved PRI tubular handguard with a reinforced barrel nut, and a redesigned A.R.M.S. #38 Swan Sleeve. It also used a Douglas Premium Match Grade barrel and an improved Leupold Sniper Scope with an illuminated reticle called the M30A2.
A third variation of the SPR designed by Knight's Armament Company (KAC) was also adopted. Initially called the SPR Alternate (SPR–A), this and all previous designations were replaced by the type classification of simply the Mk 12 Model 0 (zero) and the Mk12 Model 1. The Mod. 0 designation was given to both PRI versions of the SPR and the Mod. 1 to the KAC version.
The Mk 12 Mod. 1 differs from the Mod. 0 in that it uses the KAC fulllength Free–Floating RAS (Rail Adapter System) handguard and KAC open sights. The primary night sight of the Mk 12 Mod.0 and Mod. 1 is the PVS–17 with a PRI Hi–Lo mount, and its primary tactical light is the SureFire M9625406. All versions use the Ops, Inc. SOPMOD sound suppressor.
Although existing SPR's are well equipped, a number of new innovative accessories might improve it to the point of developing a new variant.
A Mk 12 Mod 2 SPR?
With the A.R.M.S. M4–length and Mid–Length S.I.R. Systems having been well received, SOCOM had urged Mr. Richard Swan to develop a full–length version. Finally, in 2004, the A.R.M.S. #59M Full–Length S.I.R. System was fi nished. Incorporating all the features of the existing S.I.R. Systems, the #59M was designed to be used with future Mk 12 (SPR) rifles, as well as all full–length versions of the M16 with flat–top upper receivers. Although it is state–of–the–art, the full–length S.I.R. System has been tested on the SPR, but has not yet been adopted or type classed, as no further SPR's have been requested.
However, since the S.P.R. has been an evolutionary (product improved) rifle, and with the continuing need for precision 5.56mm NATO caliber rifles in the GWOT, it is logical that if more of these rifles are needed, yet another improved SPR will be integrated into the system.
Next month, anxious to field test what could be type classified as the "Mk 12 Mod 2," we acquired the components to assemble an SPR with some of the latest and best accessories on the market. In addition to the A.R.M.S. #59M Full– Length S.I.R. System and A.R.M.S. #40 Rear Sight, the upper receiver component was built on the superb Stag Arms MilStd flattop upper receiver. To this, a stainless steel Krieger Match SPR type 5.56x45mm NATO barrel with a 1–in– 9" twist was installed along with a PRI SOPMOD Folding Front Sight, a PRI M84 charging handle and a SureFire M556FA Suppressor Adapter – plus other superior attachments and accessories now available: don't miss it!
Special Purpose Rifle Contacts:
A.R.M.S., Inc.
230 W. Center St., Dept. SOF
West Bridgewater, MA 02379
508–584–7816
(www.armsmounts.com)
Black Hills Ammunition
3050 Elgin St., Dept. SOF
Rapid City, SD 57709
605–348–5150
(www.black–hills.com)
Falcon Ind.
P.O. Box 1060, Dept. SOF
Tijeras, NM 870759
505–281–3783
(www.ergogrips.net)
Knights Manufacturing Company
7750 Ninth St., SW, Dept.,
Dept. SOF
Vero Beach, FL 32968
772–562–5697
(www.knightarmco.com)
Krieger Barrels, Inc.
2024 Mayfield Rd., Dept. SOF
Richfield, WI 53076
262–628–8558
(www.kriegerbarrels.com)
Leupold & Stevens, Inc.
14400 Northwest Greenbriar Pkwy.,
Dept. SOF
Beaverton, OR 97006
503–646–9171
(www.leupold.com)
OPS, Inc.
P.O. Box 377, Dept. SOF
Shingletown, CA 96088
530–474–3777
(www.opsinc.@c–zone.net)
Precision Reflex Inc.
710 Steine Dr., Dept. SOF
New Bremen, OH 45869
419– 629–2603
(www.pri.mounts.com)
SureFire, LLC
18300 Mt. Baldy Cir., Dept. SOF
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
800–828–8809
(www.surefire.com)
WARNING AND DISCLAIMER: Any content in this publication,including technical data, reports of any activities,information, events and circumstances under controlled situations and under supervised control have not been tested nor approved nor were under the control of Soldier of Fortune Magazine. Reports are transmitted from independent sources to which SOF has no obligation nor control. The data is transmitted for reporting events by the author. Soldier of Fortune Magazine, its agents, officers, consultants nor any other individual or entity reject any and all responsibility for any reporting in this publication. Any reports in this publication do not provide detail for comprehensive safety technizues, training technques, training precautions that are absolutely essential for any covered or similar activity. The reader MUST not attempt any reported activity, technique or use of equipment based upon any reports in this publication. Comprehensive training, guidance and supervision is always necessary when engaging in any activity of which any report in this publication mentions or gives any reference to.
Monday, June 30, 2008
32 Insurgents killed in Khas Oruzgan
A total of 32 militants were killed by Afghan National Security Forces and Coalition forces in two separate engagements in the Khas Oruzgan District, Oruzgan province, June 26.
The first engagement occurred when the combined element was on a security patrol and received small arms fire and RPGs from insurgents in a heavily vegetated area.
The ANSF and Coalition soldiers returned fire and moved to an area from which they could direct air strikes, killing three militants.
Soon after, the militants again attacked the patrol using small arms and RPGs. ANSF and Coalition forces defeated the attack, killing 29 insurgents. During this engagement, insurgents attempted to disguise themselves in womens’ clothing in order to escape.
A 10-year-old Afghan child and two Afghan National Policemen were wounded and taken to a Coalition medical facility for treatment.
No Afghan National Army or Coalition Soldiers were reported injured.
The first engagement occurred when the combined element was on a security patrol and received small arms fire and RPGs from insurgents in a heavily vegetated area.
The ANSF and Coalition soldiers returned fire and moved to an area from which they could direct air strikes, killing three militants.
Soon after, the militants again attacked the patrol using small arms and RPGs. ANSF and Coalition forces defeated the attack, killing 29 insurgents. During this engagement, insurgents attempted to disguise themselves in womens’ clothing in order to escape.
A 10-year-old Afghan child and two Afghan National Policemen were wounded and taken to a Coalition medical facility for treatment.
No Afghan National Army or Coalition Soldiers were reported injured.
IA, U.S. Soldiers Work Together to Search for Weapons
Clearing the area of weapons caches is a vital mission for Iraqi Army and Multi-National Division – Baghdad Soldiers.
In fact, it is so important they combine their efforts as they scour the streets in an attempt to safeguard the Iraqi people from the devastation caused by extremist weapons and munitions.
So it was with this in mind that Soldiers from 1st Platoon, Company B, 52nd Infantry Regiment, attached to 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team, “Warrior,” 25th Infantry Division, Multi-National Division – Baghdad, worked side-by-side with their Iraqi Army partners as they conducted a cache clearance mission in Al Awad, northwest of Baghdad, June 25.
Cache searches are not uncommon missions for the Soldiers, who conduct searches up to four times a week in their area of operations. In the past, they have found numerous weapons, to include air missiles, rocket-propelled grenades, improvised-explosive devises, mortars and machine guns, said Sgt 1st Class Ernest Oberst, native of Gladstone, Mich., and platoon sergeant, 1st Platoon, Co. B, 52nd Inf. Regt.
“These missions keep us occupied and very busy but getting boots on the ground is the only way we are going to secure the area,” he said.
Although nothing was found in Al Awad that day, Oberst said the mission was a success.
“We have systematically cleared this area from the west to the east and have found at least 25 caches in the past,” said Oberst. “This was another step to make sure that area is clear. Later we will check again to see if anything has been replanted.”
In conjunction with looking for caches, the IA soldiers and MND-B Soldiers make it a priority to speak to the local community. The missions allow the Soldiers to get out in the communities and speak to the people.
“Telling the locals what we were doing and why we are here makes sure the relationship with the people is enhanced instead of taken away by our presence,” said Staff Sgt. Donald Fabian, native of Miami, a team sergeant attached to 1st Bn. 27th Inf. Regt.
It is also necessary for the Iraqi army to learn how to conduct cache searches and be involved in the communities they patrol.
“These weapons are always going to be here and so will the Iraqi army.” Oberst said. “They are starting to get to know the people. This is important because they need to know who their enemies are.”
In fact, it is so important they combine their efforts as they scour the streets in an attempt to safeguard the Iraqi people from the devastation caused by extremist weapons and munitions.
So it was with this in mind that Soldiers from 1st Platoon, Company B, 52nd Infantry Regiment, attached to 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team, “Warrior,” 25th Infantry Division, Multi-National Division – Baghdad, worked side-by-side with their Iraqi Army partners as they conducted a cache clearance mission in Al Awad, northwest of Baghdad, June 25.
Cache searches are not uncommon missions for the Soldiers, who conduct searches up to four times a week in their area of operations. In the past, they have found numerous weapons, to include air missiles, rocket-propelled grenades, improvised-explosive devises, mortars and machine guns, said Sgt 1st Class Ernest Oberst, native of Gladstone, Mich., and platoon sergeant, 1st Platoon, Co. B, 52nd Inf. Regt.
“These missions keep us occupied and very busy but getting boots on the ground is the only way we are going to secure the area,” he said.
Although nothing was found in Al Awad that day, Oberst said the mission was a success.
“We have systematically cleared this area from the west to the east and have found at least 25 caches in the past,” said Oberst. “This was another step to make sure that area is clear. Later we will check again to see if anything has been replanted.”
In conjunction with looking for caches, the IA soldiers and MND-B Soldiers make it a priority to speak to the local community. The missions allow the Soldiers to get out in the communities and speak to the people.
“Telling the locals what we were doing and why we are here makes sure the relationship with the people is enhanced instead of taken away by our presence,” said Staff Sgt. Donald Fabian, native of Miami, a team sergeant attached to 1st Bn. 27th Inf. Regt.
It is also necessary for the Iraqi army to learn how to conduct cache searches and be involved in the communities they patrol.
“These weapons are always going to be here and so will the Iraqi army.” Oberst said. “They are starting to get to know the people. This is important because they need to know who their enemies are.”
Removing a threat: MAC works toward safer Afghanistan
Afghanistan was heavily mined by Soviet forces during their ten year occupation, ending in February 1989. Then, as the Taliban and Northern Alliance fought, they continued to lay out mines to protect their supply routes, airfields, military posts and front lines.
The Mine Action Center, led by Australian Army Maj. David Bergman, here, works to remove these mines, which after 10 years, are still an obstacle to the relief, rehabilitation and developmental projects geared toward the re-growth of Afghanistan.
The MAC met with Kefayatullah Eblagh, the president of Hemayat Brothers International Demining Company, June 21, to discuss future plans for an area they are demining outside BAF.
“I am from a village in this area and to be able to help my fellow Afghans makes me have a sense of pride,” said Eblagh. “Not only are we helping by de-mining the area, we are also giving the locals in the area an opportunity to work so that they can make money to feed their families.”
Though Coalition forces try to be very proactive in mine detection and removal, reactive forces are also in place when necessary. The MAC works with Craig Joint Theater Hospital to ensure villagers and civililans are cared for in the event they fall victim to mines.
“Just the presence that the Mine Action Center brings makes a difference,” said Air force Maj. Phyllis F. Jones, Intensive Care Ward Flight commander. “Just the removal of one mine is a big step in the fight for freedom in Afghanistan.”
Still, Afghan and Coalition officials are not the sole pool of mine-related knowledge. The BAF area is home to many victims with their own stories to tell.
“I was herding our cows in a field and they started straying,” said Romina, a 12-year-old Afghan mine victim, who lost his leg to a mine and was treated at Craig JTH. “All I remember is swatting them with a limb and the next thing I know I am on the ground and my sister is laying a little ways away from me bleeding. I didn’t even realize my leg was gone until I looked over and saw it.”
Fortunately for Romina, help was not far away when his tragedy struck.
A medical task force was on a nearby mission when this explosion occurred and was able to react expediently. Though Romina was treated on scene and soon taken to BAF for hospital care, it took an additional four days to locate his family through local nationals that lived in the area around where it happened. The fact is, for many Afghans, mine accidents are a common occurrence.
Afghan people are accustomed to mine strikes and are already striving to survive in a mine-ridden land, said Bergman. Still, he continued, “they need all the help that they can get.”
In cases like Romina’s, where the air field’s hospital is involved, the MAC has to do an investigation. With the removal of the shrapnel they do reports on it and try to scope out the area where the explosion happened to try and figure out what steps they can take next.
“An estimated one to two people a week get hurt and brought in by these mine explosions,” said Bergman. “If it is a local national we take on the complete investigation. But, if it is a contractor it is our duty to get all the information about the incident and the shrapnel and hand it into their company’s investigation department.”
Afghans have many ways to mark and warn people of mine locations. Some times they use red and white rocks, and other times they use bilingual signs – which are located in a lot of areas around BAF.
“We try as hard as we can to let the people know where the mines are and to stay away,” said Bergman.
A lot of the people dig in these areas for scrap metal, since it pays well on the market, creating other serious problems with keeping the number of victims closer to none.
“We do the best we can. [But, really,] what can you do?” stated Bergman. “This is these peoples way of living, and sometimes there is just no stopping them [from digging for scrap metal]. People need money to live and to them, metal is money.”
With every mine that is lifted, it is another step in making Afghanistan a safer place for the people who live here. The MAC ensures their mission is done with safety and precision, from contracting to caring. They work by the motto, “Demining is a dangerous job. Where once you cautiously followed and stepped in my footsteps, you can now have the confidence to lead and make your own.”
The Mine Action Center, led by Australian Army Maj. David Bergman, here, works to remove these mines, which after 10 years, are still an obstacle to the relief, rehabilitation and developmental projects geared toward the re-growth of Afghanistan.
The MAC met with Kefayatullah Eblagh, the president of Hemayat Brothers International Demining Company, June 21, to discuss future plans for an area they are demining outside BAF.
“I am from a village in this area and to be able to help my fellow Afghans makes me have a sense of pride,” said Eblagh. “Not only are we helping by de-mining the area, we are also giving the locals in the area an opportunity to work so that they can make money to feed their families.”
Though Coalition forces try to be very proactive in mine detection and removal, reactive forces are also in place when necessary. The MAC works with Craig Joint Theater Hospital to ensure villagers and civililans are cared for in the event they fall victim to mines.
“Just the presence that the Mine Action Center brings makes a difference,” said Air force Maj. Phyllis F. Jones, Intensive Care Ward Flight commander. “Just the removal of one mine is a big step in the fight for freedom in Afghanistan.”
Still, Afghan and Coalition officials are not the sole pool of mine-related knowledge. The BAF area is home to many victims with their own stories to tell.
“I was herding our cows in a field and they started straying,” said Romina, a 12-year-old Afghan mine victim, who lost his leg to a mine and was treated at Craig JTH. “All I remember is swatting them with a limb and the next thing I know I am on the ground and my sister is laying a little ways away from me bleeding. I didn’t even realize my leg was gone until I looked over and saw it.”
Fortunately for Romina, help was not far away when his tragedy struck.
A medical task force was on a nearby mission when this explosion occurred and was able to react expediently. Though Romina was treated on scene and soon taken to BAF for hospital care, it took an additional four days to locate his family through local nationals that lived in the area around where it happened. The fact is, for many Afghans, mine accidents are a common occurrence.
Afghan people are accustomed to mine strikes and are already striving to survive in a mine-ridden land, said Bergman. Still, he continued, “they need all the help that they can get.”
In cases like Romina’s, where the air field’s hospital is involved, the MAC has to do an investigation. With the removal of the shrapnel they do reports on it and try to scope out the area where the explosion happened to try and figure out what steps they can take next.
“An estimated one to two people a week get hurt and brought in by these mine explosions,” said Bergman. “If it is a local national we take on the complete investigation. But, if it is a contractor it is our duty to get all the information about the incident and the shrapnel and hand it into their company’s investigation department.”
Afghans have many ways to mark and warn people of mine locations. Some times they use red and white rocks, and other times they use bilingual signs – which are located in a lot of areas around BAF.
“We try as hard as we can to let the people know where the mines are and to stay away,” said Bergman.
A lot of the people dig in these areas for scrap metal, since it pays well on the market, creating other serious problems with keeping the number of victims closer to none.
“We do the best we can. [But, really,] what can you do?” stated Bergman. “This is these peoples way of living, and sometimes there is just no stopping them [from digging for scrap metal]. People need money to live and to them, metal is money.”
With every mine that is lifted, it is another step in making Afghanistan a safer place for the people who live here. The MAC ensures their mission is done with safety and precision, from contracting to caring. They work by the motto, “Demining is a dangerous job. Where once you cautiously followed and stepped in my footsteps, you can now have the confidence to lead and make your own.”
June 28 airpower summary: A-10s deter enemy forces
Coalition airpower integrated with coalition ground forces in Iraq and the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan during operations June 28, according to Combined Air and Space Operations Center officials here.
In Afghanistan, A-10 Thunderbolt IIs fired cannon rounds and rockets onto anti-Afghan forces positions in the vicinity of Sar Hawzeh. The A-10s dropped guided bomb unit-12s and 500-pound bombs onto additional anti-Afghan forces in the area. An on-scene joint terminal attack controller confirmed the missions successful.
A-10s performed shows of force in the vicinity of Qarah Bagh, Now Zad and Sar Hawzen to deter activities by anti-Afghan forces in the areas. A JTAC reported the missions successful.
F-15E Strike Eagles dropped a GBU-31 and GBU-38s onto anti-Afghan fighting positions in the vicinity of Asadabad. A JTAC declared the mission successful.
An F-15E conducted a show of force in the vicinity of Sangin to deter activities by anti-Afghan forces against coalition forces. A JTAC confirmed the mission successful.
An F-15E performed a show of force over enemy positions in the vicinity of Bari Kowt. A JTAC confirmed the mission successful.
In total, 38 close-air-support missions were flown as part of the ISAF and Afghan security forces, reconstruction activities and route patrols.
Twelve Air Force and Royal Air Force intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft flew missions as part of operations in Afghanistan.
In Iraq, F-16 Fighting Falcons and Navy F-18 Hornets perfomed shows of force over enemy forces in the vicinity of Al Amarah. A JTAC declared the mission successful.
In total, coalition aircraft flew 57 close-air-support missions for Operation Iraqi Freedom. These missions integrated and synchronized with coalition ground forces, protected key infrastructure, provided overwatch for reconstruction activities and helped to deter and disrupt terrorist activities.
Twenty-three Air Force and Navy ISR aircraft flew missions as part of operations in Iraq. Additionally, six Navy and RAF aircraft performed tactical reconnaissance.
C-130 Hercules aircraft and C-17 Globemaster IIIs provided intra-theater heavy airlift, helping to sustain operations throughout Afghanistan, Iraq and the Horn of Africa.
Approximately 134 airlift sorties were flown, 457 tons of cargo delivered and 2,570 passengers were transported. This included approximately 53,890 pounds of troop re-supply air-dropped in Afghanistan.
Coalition C-130 crews from Australia, Canada and Iraq flew as part of operations in Afghanistan or Iraq.
On June 27, Air Force, RAF and Singaporean tanker crews flew 58 sorties and off-loaded approximately 3.3 million pounds of fuel to 249 receiving aircraft.
In Afghanistan, A-10 Thunderbolt IIs fired cannon rounds and rockets onto anti-Afghan forces positions in the vicinity of Sar Hawzeh. The A-10s dropped guided bomb unit-12s and 500-pound bombs onto additional anti-Afghan forces in the area. An on-scene joint terminal attack controller confirmed the missions successful.
A-10s performed shows of force in the vicinity of Qarah Bagh, Now Zad and Sar Hawzen to deter activities by anti-Afghan forces in the areas. A JTAC reported the missions successful.
F-15E Strike Eagles dropped a GBU-31 and GBU-38s onto anti-Afghan fighting positions in the vicinity of Asadabad. A JTAC declared the mission successful.
An F-15E conducted a show of force in the vicinity of Sangin to deter activities by anti-Afghan forces against coalition forces. A JTAC confirmed the mission successful.
An F-15E performed a show of force over enemy positions in the vicinity of Bari Kowt. A JTAC confirmed the mission successful.
In total, 38 close-air-support missions were flown as part of the ISAF and Afghan security forces, reconstruction activities and route patrols.
Twelve Air Force and Royal Air Force intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft flew missions as part of operations in Afghanistan.
In Iraq, F-16 Fighting Falcons and Navy F-18 Hornets perfomed shows of force over enemy forces in the vicinity of Al Amarah. A JTAC declared the mission successful.
In total, coalition aircraft flew 57 close-air-support missions for Operation Iraqi Freedom. These missions integrated and synchronized with coalition ground forces, protected key infrastructure, provided overwatch for reconstruction activities and helped to deter and disrupt terrorist activities.
Twenty-three Air Force and Navy ISR aircraft flew missions as part of operations in Iraq. Additionally, six Navy and RAF aircraft performed tactical reconnaissance.
C-130 Hercules aircraft and C-17 Globemaster IIIs provided intra-theater heavy airlift, helping to sustain operations throughout Afghanistan, Iraq and the Horn of Africa.
Approximately 134 airlift sorties were flown, 457 tons of cargo delivered and 2,570 passengers were transported. This included approximately 53,890 pounds of troop re-supply air-dropped in Afghanistan.
Coalition C-130 crews from Australia, Canada and Iraq flew as part of operations in Afghanistan or Iraq.
On June 27, Air Force, RAF and Singaporean tanker crews flew 58 sorties and off-loaded approximately 3.3 million pounds of fuel to 249 receiving aircraft.
U.S. Ambassador Cites Positive Changes in Iraq
Iraq is enjoying some substantial political, and economic progress in addition to better security, the U.S. ambassador to Iraq said during an interview on CNN’s “Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer” today.
“As security has improved, the environment has changed for the better,” Ryan C. Crocker from Baghdad. “That allows for compromises to emerge that simply were not possible before.”
He pointed to better budget execution as one piece of evidence pointing toward Iraq’s changes for the better, and also noted provinclial elections are coming up. “Those elections, in the latter part of this year, will be a very significant step,” he said.
Crocker acknowledged that the United States’ work in Iraq is not over when Candy Crowley, filling in for “Late Edition” host Wolf Blitzer, asked him about the increase in casualties in some areas since May.
“Overall, we have seen an improvement in the security situation and a reduction in casualties, both Iraqi and American,” Crocker said. “We’re up against some resilient and determined enemies [who] have the capacity to hit back, and that’s what we’re seeing, both from al-Qaida and its allies and from Shiia militias.”
While the enemy may be pushing back, the Iraqi government’s response displays intolerance for these acts and a determination to reclaim their neighborhoods from the perpetrators, the ambassador said. Leadership response to a June 24 attack in Baghdad’s Sadr City area aimed at district council members is a prime example, Crocker said.
On June 26, the council reconvened to hold the election that had been scheduled for the day of the attack and elected one of the members who had been wounded as its new chairman. It then denounced the attackers, publicly thanked the United States for its support, and extended sympathy to those affected by the attack, Crocker said.
“We’ve got more hard work in front of us,” he said. “The fighting is by no means over, but clearly we are in a different and better place than we were even six months ago.”
But while Iraqi security forces are successfully taking Iranian-backed militias off the street in Basra, Sadr City and other areas around Iraq, Crocker said, he had no direct answer to whether there was Iranian activity in Iraq has decreased. But the channels remain open for talks among the United States, Iraq and Iran, however, he said.
“I think it’s important to have that option,” he said. “But also, it’s important to have talks for a purpose, not just for the sake of having another session. We’ll need to choose the timing when we think it will improve the situation [and] make some progress.”
Until talks happen, Iraq and the United States will push forward on the current path, one that includes forging an agreement allowing U.S. servicemembers to remain in Iraq past the expiration of the U.N. Security Council resolution. The resolution expires at the end of the year.
The possibility of Iraq wanting the ability to prosecute U.S. personnel for crimes could be a stumbling block, however. Crocker outlined where the negotiations stand.
“We’re negotiating a very broad set of issues with our Iraqi partners,” Crocker said. “We’re operating under some pretty fundamental principles. One of them is full respect for Iraqi sovereignty, Iraqi law and the Iraqi process.
“Neither we nor they will put anything into this agreement that would contravene those principles,” he continued. “At the same time, we do have to have the necessary precautions and authorizations for our forces to do what they need to do to support Iraq.”
Though work remains to be completed in Iraq, Crocker said, he is certain the climate is in place for Iraqis to build their country on all fronts -- security, political and economic.
“As security has improved, the environment has changed for the better,” Ryan C. Crocker from Baghdad. “That allows for compromises to emerge that simply were not possible before.”
He pointed to better budget execution as one piece of evidence pointing toward Iraq’s changes for the better, and also noted provinclial elections are coming up. “Those elections, in the latter part of this year, will be a very significant step,” he said.
Crocker acknowledged that the United States’ work in Iraq is not over when Candy Crowley, filling in for “Late Edition” host Wolf Blitzer, asked him about the increase in casualties in some areas since May.
“Overall, we have seen an improvement in the security situation and a reduction in casualties, both Iraqi and American,” Crocker said. “We’re up against some resilient and determined enemies [who] have the capacity to hit back, and that’s what we’re seeing, both from al-Qaida and its allies and from Shiia militias.”
While the enemy may be pushing back, the Iraqi government’s response displays intolerance for these acts and a determination to reclaim their neighborhoods from the perpetrators, the ambassador said. Leadership response to a June 24 attack in Baghdad’s Sadr City area aimed at district council members is a prime example, Crocker said.
On June 26, the council reconvened to hold the election that had been scheduled for the day of the attack and elected one of the members who had been wounded as its new chairman. It then denounced the attackers, publicly thanked the United States for its support, and extended sympathy to those affected by the attack, Crocker said.
“We’ve got more hard work in front of us,” he said. “The fighting is by no means over, but clearly we are in a different and better place than we were even six months ago.”
But while Iraqi security forces are successfully taking Iranian-backed militias off the street in Basra, Sadr City and other areas around Iraq, Crocker said, he had no direct answer to whether there was Iranian activity in Iraq has decreased. But the channels remain open for talks among the United States, Iraq and Iran, however, he said.
“I think it’s important to have that option,” he said. “But also, it’s important to have talks for a purpose, not just for the sake of having another session. We’ll need to choose the timing when we think it will improve the situation [and] make some progress.”
Until talks happen, Iraq and the United States will push forward on the current path, one that includes forging an agreement allowing U.S. servicemembers to remain in Iraq past the expiration of the U.N. Security Council resolution. The resolution expires at the end of the year.
The possibility of Iraq wanting the ability to prosecute U.S. personnel for crimes could be a stumbling block, however. Crocker outlined where the negotiations stand.
“We’re negotiating a very broad set of issues with our Iraqi partners,” Crocker said. “We’re operating under some pretty fundamental principles. One of them is full respect for Iraqi sovereignty, Iraqi law and the Iraqi process.
“Neither we nor they will put anything into this agreement that would contravene those principles,” he continued. “At the same time, we do have to have the necessary precautions and authorizations for our forces to do what they need to do to support Iraq.”
Though work remains to be completed in Iraq, Crocker said, he is certain the climate is in place for Iraqis to build their country on all fronts -- security, political and economic.
Reports Detail Progress in Afghan Security, National Forces
A pair of Defense Department reports published today on Afghanistan describe progress with regard to the country’s security and national forces.
The studies, which analyze results of Operation Enduring Freedom through March, were mandated by Congress and represent the first installment of what are slated to be semi-annual progress updates.
The Report on Progress Toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan depicts a “fragile” security environment in much of the country. It concludes, however, that coalition forces’ counterinsurgency approach has demonstrated how a hybrid of military and nonmilitary resources can create stability and connect Afghan citizens to their government.
Underscoring the fragility of situation in Afghanistan and its tendency for rapid change is the fact that some of the report’s assertions about security success -- based on information available several months ago and earlier -- no longer are as solid as once believed.
For instance, the report highlights Khowst province in eastern Afghanistan as an example of a once-troubled region transformed by counterinsurgency operations.
“Khowst was once considered ungovernable and one of the most dangerous provinces in Afghanistan,” the report states. “Today, tangible improvements in security, governance, reconstruction, and development are being made.”
But Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates yesterday expressed concern that attacks in NATO's Regional Command East section of Afghanistan, which includes Khowst province, rose 40 percent from January to May.
Gates, in a news conference yesterday, attributed the rise in violence to militants using Pakistan’s North West Frontier Province as a staging ground for launching attacks in Afghanistan. But the report does not identify threats emanating from the Pakistan-Afghanistan border region -- which Gates called a recent phenomenon -- as a primary security challenge.
Challenges outlined in the report include the narcotics trade and the Taliban. These militants regrouped after their fall from power and have coalesced into a resilient insurgency, according to the report, which notes a rise in insurgent violence in 2007. More that 6,500 people died as a result of suicide attacks, roadside bombs and combat-related violence, it said.
Despite coalition success in combating them, Taliban operatives are likely to maintain or even increase the scope and pace of terrorist attacks and bombings in 2008, the report concludes.
“The Taliban will challenge the control of the Afghan government in rural areas, especially in the south and east,” it states. “The Taliban will also probably attempt to increase its presence in the west and north.”
The security report credits a plus-up of U.S. forces over the spring with reinforcing Afghan and international forces’ momentum, and for enabling the Afghan national security forces to grow quickly – from 70,000 to 80,000 army personnel by 2010.
Meanwhile, the report states, the deployment of a U.S. Marine Corps Marine Air Ground Task Force is bolstering the ability of NATO’s International Security Assistance Forces to maneuver troops in Regional Command South.
The other security and stability highlights outlined in the report are:
-- The Afghan National Army had taken the lead in more than 30 significant operations at the time of the report, and the force has demonstrated increasing competence, effectiveness and professionalism.
-- Since 2001, Afghanistan has made significant progress rebuilding its national political institutions. Afghans wrote and passed a new constitution in 2004, 8.1 million people voted in the nation’s first presidential election, and 6.4 million voters helped reestablish the National Assembly after 32 years without a legislature.
-- The gross domestic product, per capita income and foreign direct investment all are up since 2001. Afghanistan’s domestic revenues have grown considerably, and international reserves have nearly doubled since 2004.
Key points from the report titled, “United States Plan for Sustaining the Afghanistan National Security Forces” include:
-- The capabilities of the Afghan National Army are improving steadily, with a long-term army posture that also may include a more robust army air corps capability and a larger force.
-- The Afghan National Police force is making steady progress, but its capabilities still lag behind those of the national army. The current police force has not been sufficiently reformed or developed to a level at which it can adequately perform its security and policing mission; however, coalition governments are working to improve the police capabilities, with a target force size of 82,000 personnel.
-- An independent, capable army and police are critical to counterinsurgency effort, thus it is crucial that coalition partners dedicate the necessary resources and personnel to ensure that the mission to develop the Afghan national security forces is a success.
The studies, which analyze results of Operation Enduring Freedom through March, were mandated by Congress and represent the first installment of what are slated to be semi-annual progress updates.
The Report on Progress Toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan depicts a “fragile” security environment in much of the country. It concludes, however, that coalition forces’ counterinsurgency approach has demonstrated how a hybrid of military and nonmilitary resources can create stability and connect Afghan citizens to their government.
Underscoring the fragility of situation in Afghanistan and its tendency for rapid change is the fact that some of the report’s assertions about security success -- based on information available several months ago and earlier -- no longer are as solid as once believed.
For instance, the report highlights Khowst province in eastern Afghanistan as an example of a once-troubled region transformed by counterinsurgency operations.
“Khowst was once considered ungovernable and one of the most dangerous provinces in Afghanistan,” the report states. “Today, tangible improvements in security, governance, reconstruction, and development are being made.”
But Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates yesterday expressed concern that attacks in NATO's Regional Command East section of Afghanistan, which includes Khowst province, rose 40 percent from January to May.
Gates, in a news conference yesterday, attributed the rise in violence to militants using Pakistan’s North West Frontier Province as a staging ground for launching attacks in Afghanistan. But the report does not identify threats emanating from the Pakistan-Afghanistan border region -- which Gates called a recent phenomenon -- as a primary security challenge.
Challenges outlined in the report include the narcotics trade and the Taliban. These militants regrouped after their fall from power and have coalesced into a resilient insurgency, according to the report, which notes a rise in insurgent violence in 2007. More that 6,500 people died as a result of suicide attacks, roadside bombs and combat-related violence, it said.
Despite coalition success in combating them, Taliban operatives are likely to maintain or even increase the scope and pace of terrorist attacks and bombings in 2008, the report concludes.
“The Taliban will challenge the control of the Afghan government in rural areas, especially in the south and east,” it states. “The Taliban will also probably attempt to increase its presence in the west and north.”
The security report credits a plus-up of U.S. forces over the spring with reinforcing Afghan and international forces’ momentum, and for enabling the Afghan national security forces to grow quickly – from 70,000 to 80,000 army personnel by 2010.
Meanwhile, the report states, the deployment of a U.S. Marine Corps Marine Air Ground Task Force is bolstering the ability of NATO’s International Security Assistance Forces to maneuver troops in Regional Command South.
The other security and stability highlights outlined in the report are:
-- The Afghan National Army had taken the lead in more than 30 significant operations at the time of the report, and the force has demonstrated increasing competence, effectiveness and professionalism.
-- Since 2001, Afghanistan has made significant progress rebuilding its national political institutions. Afghans wrote and passed a new constitution in 2004, 8.1 million people voted in the nation’s first presidential election, and 6.4 million voters helped reestablish the National Assembly after 32 years without a legislature.
-- The gross domestic product, per capita income and foreign direct investment all are up since 2001. Afghanistan’s domestic revenues have grown considerably, and international reserves have nearly doubled since 2004.
Key points from the report titled, “United States Plan for Sustaining the Afghanistan National Security Forces” include:
-- The capabilities of the Afghan National Army are improving steadily, with a long-term army posture that also may include a more robust army air corps capability and a larger force.
-- The Afghan National Police force is making steady progress, but its capabilities still lag behind those of the national army. The current police force has not been sufficiently reformed or developed to a level at which it can adequately perform its security and policing mission; however, coalition governments are working to improve the police capabilities, with a target force size of 82,000 personnel.
-- An independent, capable army and police are critical to counterinsurgency effort, thus it is crucial that coalition partners dedicate the necessary resources and personnel to ensure that the mission to develop the Afghan national security forces is a success.
Thursday, June 12, 2008
World Food Program Appeals for Naval Escort for Somalia Food Ships
The World Food Program is appealing to the world’s naval powers to continue their voluntary escorts of food ships heading for Somalia. With about two million people needing emergency assistance in Somalia, ships are crucial to WFP humanitarian operations.Peter Smerdon is a WFP spokesman based in Nairobi. He spoke to VOA English to Africa Service reporter Joe De Capua about the appeal.
“We’re making this appeal because the Dutch navy is currently escorting ships carrying WFP food into Somalia, but they are due to finish doing that on June 25th. They’ll take a last ship to Mogadishu. And we have received no offers from foreign governments with naval ships in the region who could take over the escort service, which has been running since mid-November last year and has carried almost enough food to feed one million people for six months. So, it’s essential that we do have continued escort service to protect us against piracy.”
No WFP ships have been attacked since the escort service began. “That is despite an upsurge of piracy in Somali waters. There have been at least 31 attacks so far this year on ships off Somalia by pirates,” he says.
Smerdon says if there’s no naval escort for food ships, shipments of aid by sea may stop. “Our worry is that shippers, ship owners, will be extremely reluctant, in fact they will probably refuse to go into Somali waters with ships carrying WFP food unless they are escorted.”
Since the WFP appealed for help last year, France, Denmark and the Netherlands have volunteered ships for escort service. One frigate can food ships, but Smerdon says two would be better, with the increased demands for food aid in Somalia. Eighty percent of the food aid coming into the country arrives by sea.
Bringing in food by land is problematic. Smerdon says, ”The only alternative (to) sea is to bring it in by road from Mombasa in Kenya, up through northeast Kenya, across the border. And the difficulty is that…takes a long time. It takes sometimes three weeks to get into Somalia from Mombasa with a truckload of food. And secondly, the road networks in Somalia are extremely bad. There’s widespread insecurity. So, if you’re bringing food over the border, but you actually need to feed people near Mogadishu, you have to bring it by road right across the country.”
The WFP spokesman says malnutrition is on the rise. On a recent trip to Somalia near the Ethiopia border he found people who couldn’t pay the higher food prices hitting Somalia and many other countries. Some, he says, were eating wild food, which is a starchy, potato-like root normally eaten by wart hogs and hyenas. The rains have failed in Somalia preventing the usual harvests.
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